The archaeological and architectural context of the mosaic floor in the Roman fort of Apsaros (Gonio, Georgia)
2025, 34, Numer 1
Data publikacji
Data otrzymania
Data akceptacji
Model publikowania
Rodzaj licencji
Dziedzina
Dyscyplina
Klasyfikacja
Język publikacji
Abstrakt
Since 2012, a joint Polish-Georgian expedition has been conducting research at the Roman Fort of Apsaros (Gonio, Georgia). The most important discovery made during this project is a mosaic floor decorated with geometric motifs. The room with the mosaic is part of an architectural complex dating to the second half of the 1st century and first half of the 2nd century AD. During this period, the building underwent changes in both form and function. Initially, it served as a granary. Later, a garrison bathhouse was erected on the same site. The final reconstruction resulted in a residence that included, among other features, private baths and an atrium. The floors of at least two rooms were decorated with mosaics. The residence is dated to the reign of Hadrian, and its construction may have been linked to the stay at Apsaros of Flavius Arrianus, governor of the province of Cappadocia.
Słowa kluczowe:
Bibliografia
Antonova, I.A. and Zubar’, V.M. (2003). Nekotorye itogi arheologičeskih issledovanij rimskoj citadeli Hersonesa. Hersonesskij Sbornik, 12, 31–68
Birley, E. (1959). Chesters Roman fort, Northumberland. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office
Blavatskij, V.D. (1951). Haraks. Materialy i issledovaniâ po archeologii SSSR, 19, 251–289
Cisek, E. (2002). Mozaika jako element kolorystycznego określenia przestrzeni architektonicznych (The mosaic as an element of colour characterization of architectural space). Architectus, 2(12), 49–59
D’âkov, V.N. (1930). Drevnosti Aj-Todora. Âlta
Donderer, M. (1989). Die Mosaizisten der Antike und ihre wirtschaftliche und soziale Stellung: Eine Quellenstudie. Erlangen: Universitätsbibliothek
Dunbabin, K.M.D. (1999). Mosaics of the Greek and Roman world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Dusenbery, E.B. (1971). Ancient glass in the collections of Wheaton College. Journal of Glass Studies, 13, 9–33
Dyczek, P. (2011). Settlement and architectural changes in sector IV. In R. Ciołek and P. Dyczek, Novae: Legionary fortress and late antique town II. Coins from sector IV (pp. 1–44). Warsaw: Center for Research on the Antiquity of Southeastern Europe, University of Warsaw
Geyer, A. (ed.). (2003). Neue Forschungen in Apsaros (2000–2002). Tbilisi: Logos
Hayes, J.W. (1985). Sigillate orientali. In Ceramica fine romana nel bacino mediterraneo (tardo ellenismo e primo impero) (pp. 1–96). Rome: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana
Isings, C. (1957). Roman glass from dated finds. Groningen: J.B. Wolters
Jaworski, P. (2021). Reading the history of the Roman fort in Apsaros (Autonomous Republic of Ajara, Georgia) from a numismatic perspective. Notae Numismaticae – Zapiski Numizmatyczne, 16, 125–142
Jaworski, P., Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, R., and Mamuladze, S. (2021). The rise and fall of the Roman fort in Apsaros: Recent numismatic evidence. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 30/2, 289–306
Johnson, A. (1987). Römische Kastelle des 1. und 2. Jahrhunderts n. Chr. in Britannien und den germanischen Provinzen des Römerreiches. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern
Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, R. (2015a). Forty i posterunki rzymskie w Scytii i Taurydzie w okresie pryncypatu (Roman forts and outposts in Scythia and Taurida during the Principate) (=Światowit. Supplement Series A, Antiquity 15). Warsaw: Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, R. (2016). Apsaros. Early headquarters building (principia): New localization? Pro Georgia. Journal of Kartvelological Studies, 26, 53–64
Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, R. (2019). Roman fort at Cape Aj-Todor (Charax) and its surroundings: A new look at old discoveries. Światowit, 57, 153–184
Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, R. and Mamuladze, S. (2018). Before there were the thermae: A few words on the remains of the earliest buildings in the Apsaros fort (Gonio, Georgia). Pro Georgia. Journal of Kartvelological Studies, 28, 99–108
Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, R. and Mamuladze, S. (2019). Early fortifications at the Apsaros fort (Gonio, Georgia): New discoveries. Pro Georgia. Journal of Kartvelological Studies, 29, 63–76
Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, R., Mamuladze, S., Jaworski, P., and Wagner, M. (2016). Gonio (Apsaros) in Adjara: Excavation of a Roman fort. Interim report on the first season of the Polish–Georgian archaeological expedition. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 25, 521–532
Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, R., Mamuladze, S., and Speidel, M.A. (2021). New and revised tile stamps from the Roman fort of Apsaros (Gonio, Georgia). Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 219, 269–280
Kunina, N. (1997). Ancient glass in the Hermitage collection. St. Petersburg: State Hermitage
Lancaster, L.C. (2015). Innovative vaulting in the architecture of the Roman Empire: 1st to 4th centuries CE. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Lichtenberger, A. and Raja, R. (2017). Mosaicists at work: The organisation of mosaic production in Early Islamic Jerash. Antiquity, 91(358), 998–1010
Metcalf, W.E. (1980). The cistophori of Hadrian (=Numismatic Studies 15). New York: American Numismatic Society
Mitford, T.B. (2018). East of Asia Minor: Rome’s hidden frontier. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Romero, M. and Vargas, S. (2011). Mosaic workshop located in the Villa de la Estación de Antequera, Málaga (España). In M. Şahin (ed.), XI. Uluslararası Antik Mozaik Sempozyumu, 16–20 Ekim, 2009 Bursa, Türkiye / 11th International Colloquium on Ancient Mosaics, October 16th–20th, 2009, Bursa, Turkey (pp. 823–828). Istanbul: Uludağ Üniversitesi, Mozaik Araştırmaları Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi
Rostovcev, M.I. (1900). Rimskie garnizony na Tavričeskom poluostrove i Aj-Todorskaâ krepost’. Žurnal Ministerstva Narodnogo Prosveŝeniâ, 308, 140–158
Rostovcev, M. (1902). Römische Besatzungen in der Krim und das Kastell Charax. Klio, 2(2), 80–95
Salway, P. (2009). The frontier people of Roman Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (original work published 1965)
Southern, P. (2016). Hadrian’s Wall: Everyday life on a Roman frontier. Stroud: Amberley
Speidel, M.A. (2009). The development of the Roman forces in northeastern Anatolia: New evidence for the history of the exercitus Cappadocicus. In M.A. Speidel, Heer und Herrschaft im römischen Reich der hohen Kaiserzeit (pp. 595–631). Stuttgart: F. Steiner
Speidel, M.P. (1986). The Caucasus frontier: Second century garrisons at Apsarus, Petra and Phasis. In Studien zu den Militärgrenzen Roms III. 13. Internationaler Limeskongress, Aalen 1983. Vorträge (pp. 657–660). Stuttgart: K. Theiss
Sweetman, R. (2001). Roman mosaics in Crete: Workshops or itinerant craftspeople. In D. Paunier and C. Schmidt (eds), La mosaïque gréco-romaine VIII. Actes du VIIIème colloque international pour l’étude de la mosaïque antique et médiévale (Lausanne, 6–11 octobre 1997) (pp. 249–260). Lausanne: Cahiers d’archéologie romande
Sydenham, E.A. (1978). The coinage of Caesarea in Cappadocia. New York: Attic Books
Wilmott, T. (ed.). (2009). Hadrian’s Wall: Archaeological research by English Heritage 1976–2000. Wiltshire: English Heritage
Zeest, I.B. (1960). Keramičeskaâ tara Bospora (=Materialy i issledovaniâ po Archeologii SSSR 83). Moskva
Žuravlev, D.V. (2010). Krasnolakovaâ keramika Ûgo-Zapadnogo Kryma I–III vv. n.è. (po materialam pozdneskifskih nekropolej Bel’bekskoj doliny) (=Materialy po arheologii, istorii i ètnogtafii Tavrii, Supp. 9). Simferopol’
Inne artykuły z tego numeru
- Late Bronze Age ThessalyPefkakiaMycenaean cultureDemetriasmetallurgy
Mycenaean Pefkakia Excavation Project: report on archaeological research conducted in 2024
- western CreteSatyrRoman bathsVenetian churchesRoman provinces
Satyr sculpture from the site of Agios Georgios at Nopigia (municipality of Kissamos, western Crete)
- KarfiAegean archaeologyprehistoric GreeceCrete1200 BC crisis in the Mediterraneandefensive settlementsritual places
Polish excavations at the mountainous site of Karfi (Lasithi, Crete): a preliminary report on the 2023 and 2024 seasons
Podobne publikacje
- Late Bronze Age ThessalyPefkakiaMycenaean cultureDemetriasmetallurgy
Mycenaean Pefkakia Excavation Project: report on archaeological research conducted in 2024
- western CreteSatyrRoman bathsVenetian churchesRoman provinces
Satyr sculpture from the site of Agios Georgios at Nopigia (municipality of Kissamos, western Crete)
- KarfiAegean archaeologyprehistoric GreeceCrete1200 BC crisis in the Mediterraneandefensive settlementsritual places
Polish excavations at the mountainous site of Karfi (Lasithi, Crete): a preliminary report on the 2023 and 2024 seasons