Tell el-Murra (Northeastern Nile Delta Survey): Research in 2018 and 2022
2023, 32, Numer 2
Data publikacji
Model publikowania
Rodzaj licencji
Dziedzina
Dyscyplina
Klasyfikacja
Język publikacji
Abstrakt
Work in the 2018 and 2022 archaeological seasons at the site of Tell el-Murra, located in the northeastern Nile Delta, continued in two areas: the settlement (Trench T5), and the cemetery (Trench S3). The research yielded valuable information on the appearance and function of the settlement, whose origins date back to the 4th millennium BC. It undoubtedly flourished during the Early Dynastic period and in the beginning of the Old Kingdom. This is evidenced by numerous remains of utility and storage buildings, in which a large number of fragments of ceramic vessels, as well as stone and flint objects for grain processing and breadmaking have been discovered. An integral part of the settlement was the cemetery, where the deceased were buried in simple pits and cavity graves, as well as in more elaborate built-up structures.
Słowa kluczowe:
Bibliografia
Adams, M.J. (2009). An interim report on the Naqada III – First Intermediate Period stratifications at Mendes 1999–2005. In D.B. Redford (ed.), Delta reports (Research in Lower Egypt) I (pp. 121–206). Oxford: Oxbow Books
Adams, M.J. (2020). The Naqada III – First Intermediate Period stratification. In D.B. Redford and S. Redford (eds), Excavations at Mendes II. The dromos and temple area (pp. 48–72). Leiden–Boston: Brill
Bąk-Pryc, G. (2018). Lower Egyptian culture in the Nile Delta: Recent research and new perspectives. In K.M. Ciałowicz, M. Czarnowicz, and M. Chłodnicki (eds), Eastern Nile Delta in the 4th millennium BC (pp. 47–51). Kraków–Poznań: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University; Profil-Archeo Publishing House
Chłodnicki, M. (2012a). Lower Egyptian, Protodynastic and Early Dynastic settlements on the northern part of the Eastern Kom. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 19–34). Poznań–Kraków: Poznań Archaeological Museum; Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University
Chłodnicki, M. (2012b). Protodynastic, Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom settlement on the Central Kom. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 105–113). Poznań–Kraków: Poznań Archaeological Museum; Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University
Chłodnicki, M. and Ciałowicz, K.M. (2014). Tell el-Farkha (Ghazala), 2010–2011. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 23/1, 117–140
Chłodnicki, M., Ciałowicz, K.M., and Mączyńska, A. (eds). (2012). Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011. Poznań–Kraków: Poznań Archaeological Museum; Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University
Ciałowicz, K.M. (2018a). Introduction. In K.M. Ciałowicz, M. Czarnowicz, and M. Chłodnicki (eds), Eastern Nile Delta in the 4th millennium BC (pp. 7–8). Kraków–Poznań: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University; Profil-Archeo Publishing House
Ciałowicz, K.M. (2018b). Socio-political transformations in the Eastern Delta in the second half of 4th millennium BC. The view from Tell el-Farkha. In K.M. Ciałowicz, M. Czarnowicz, and M. Chłodnicki (eds), Eastern Nile Delta in the 4th millennium BC (pp. 9–20). Kraków–Poznań: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University; Profil-Archeo Publishing House
de Vartavan, C., Arakelyan, A., and Amorós, V.A. (2010). Codex of ancient Egyptian plant remains (2nd, rev. ed.). London: Triade Exploration
Jacquet-Gordon, H. (1981). A tentative typology of Egyptian bread moulds. In D. Arnold (ed.), Studien zur altägyptischen Keramik (pp. 11–24). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern
Jucha, M.A. (2005). Tell el-Farkha II. The pottery of the Predynastic settlement (phases 2 to 5). Kraków–Poznań: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University; Poznań Archaeological Museum
Jucha, M.A. (2009). The north-eastern part of the Nile Delta – Research perspectives. Polish archaeological survey in the Ash-Sharqiyyah Governorate. In J. Popielska-Grzybowska and J. Iwaszczuk (eds), Proceedings of the Fifth Central European Conference of Young Egyptologists: Egypt 2009. Perspectives of research, Pułtusk, 22–24 June 2009 (pp. 83–88). Pułtusk: Pułtusk Academy of Humanities
Jucha, M.A. (2010). Tell el-Murra. The Predynastic – Old Kingdom in the north-eastern Nile Delta. Folia Orientalia, 47, 379–390
Jucha, M.A. (2011). The Polish archaeological survey in the north-eastern part of the Nile Delta (season 2010)—The pottery from Tell el-Murra and Tell Abu el-Halyat. Recherches Archéologiques NS, 3, 179–194
Jucha, M.A. (2014). The Nile Delta since the end of the Lower Egyptian Culture until the beginning of Egyptian state. In M.A. Jucha, J. Dębowska-Ludwin, and P. Kołodziejczyk (eds), Aegyptus est imago caeli: Studies presented to Krzysztof M. Ciałowicz on his 60th birthday (pp. 19–35). Kraków: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University
Jucha, M.A. (2016). The northeastern part of the Nile Delta during the Naqada III period. In M.D. Adams, B. Midant-Reynes, E.M. Ryan, and Y. Tristant (eds), Egypt at its origins 4: Proceedings of the fourth international conference “Origin of the State, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt”, New York, 26th–30th July 2011 (=Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 252) (pp. 63–76). Leuven: Peeters
Jucha, M.A. (2018). Settlement development in the north-eastern part of the Nile Delta at the turn of Naqada II and Naqada III phases. In K.M. Ciałowicz, M. Czarnowicz, and M. Chłodnicki (eds), Eastern Nile Delta in the 4th millennium BC (pp. 53–58). Kraków–Poznań: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University; Profil-Archeo Publishing House
Jucha, M.A. (2020). The so-called “Naqadian expansion” to the north and the new archaeological evidence for the fall and development of Nile Delta settlements during the second half of the IVth millennium BC. Ägypten und Levante, 30, 85–94
Jucha, M.A. (2021). Made of burnt clay tiles: The Early Dynastic structures within the Nile Delta cemeteries and settlements. In W. Claes, M. de Meyer, M. Eyckerman, and D. Huyge (eds), Remove that pyramid! Studies on the archaeology and history of Predynastic and Pharaonic Egypt in honour of Stan Hendrickx (=Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 305) (pp. 645–660). Leuven–Paris–Bristol, CT: Peeters
Jucha, M.A., Bąk-Pryc, G., and Czarnowicz, M. (2014). Tell el-Murra (Northeastern Nile Delta survey): Season 2011. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 23/1, 141–152
Jucha, M.A., Bąk-Pryc, G., and Małecka-Drozd, N. (2015). Tell el-Murra (Northeastern Nile Delta Survey). Seasons 2012–2013. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 24/1, 199–214
Jucha, M.A., Bąk-Pryc, G., Małecka-Drozd, N., and Kazimierczak, M. (2017). Tell el-Murra (Northeastern Nile Delta Survey): Preliminary report on research in 2014 and 2015. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 26/1, 137–160
Jucha, M.A., Bąk-Pryc, G., Małecka-Drozd, N., and Kazimierczak, M. (2018). Tell el-Murra (Northeastern Nile Delta Survey): Research in 2016–2017. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 27/1, 149–167
Jucha, M.A., Bąk-Pryc, G., Małecka-Drozd, N., Kazimierczak, M., Ownby, M.F., Mądrzyk, K., Pankowska, A., Woźniak, B., and Abłamowicz, R. (2016). Polish excavations at Tell el-Murra in the Nile Delta. Preliminary report 2013–2015. Archeologia, 65, 85–146
Jucha, M.A., Błaszczyk, K., Buszek, A., and Pryc, G. (2013). Tell el-Murra (Northeastern Nile Delta Survey). Season 2010. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 22, 105–120
Kabaciński, J. (2012). Some aspects of the lithic production. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 323–344). Poznań–Kraków: Poznań Archaeological Museum; Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University
Kazimierczak, M. (2021). Corpus of types of ceramic vessels discovered in Proto- and Early Dynastic graves at Tell el-Murra cemetery. Ägypten und Levante, 31, 179–205
Kobusiewicz, M. (2015). The production, use and importance of flint tools in the Archaic Period and the Old Kingdom of Egypt (=Archaeopress Egyptology 12). Oxford: Archaeopress
Köhler, E.C. (1998). Tell el-Faraʻîn—Buto III. Die Keramik von der späten Naqada-Kultur bis zum frühen alten Reich (Schichten III bis VI) (=Archäologische Veröffentlichungen 94). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern
Köhler, E.C. (2008). The interaction between and the roles of Upper and Lower Egypt in the formation of the Egyptian State. Another review. In B. Midant-Reynes, Y. Tristant, J. Rowland, and S. Hendrickx (eds), Egypt at its origins 2: Proceedings of the international conference “Origin of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt”, Toulouse (France), 5th–8th September 2005 (=Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 172) (pp. 515–544). Leuven: Peeters
Kubiak-Martens, L. (2012). Plant remains. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 431–436). Poznań–Kraków: Poznań Archaeological Museum; Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University
Lehner, M., Kamel, M., and Tavares, A. (2009). Giza Plateau Mapping Project: Season 2004 preliminary report. Boston, MA: Ancient Egypt Research Associates
Mączyńska, A. (2012). Pottery from the Central Kom. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 115–145). Poznań–Kraków: Poznań Archaeological Museum; Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University
Małecka-Drozd, N. (2021). More remarks on settlement patterns in the Nile Delta in the 3rd millennium BC. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 30/2, 29–79
Małecka-Drozd, N. and Kazimierczak, M. (2021). Not by bread alone: Notes on grain storage and processing during the 3rd millennium BC. In E.C. Köhler, N. Kuch, F. Junge, and A.-K. Jeske (eds), Egypt at its origins 6. Proceedings of the international conference “Origins of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt”, Vienna, 10th–15th September 2017 (=Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 303) (pp. 469–500). Leuven: Peeters
Midant-Reynes, B. and Buchez, N. (eds). (2014). Tell el-Iswid: 2006–2009 (=Fouilles de l’Institut français d’archéologie orientale 73). Cairo: Institut français d’archéologie orientale
Moeller, N. (2016). The archaeology of urbanism in ancient Egypt: From the Predynastic period to the end of the Middle Kingdom. New York: Cambridge University Press
Moreno García, J.C. (1999). Ḥwt et le milieu rural égyptien du IIIe millénaire: économie, administration et organisation territoriale. Paris: H. Champion
Moreno García, J.C. (2013). The territorial administration of the kingdom in the 3rd millennium. In J.C. Moreno García (ed.), Ancient Egyptian administration (pp. 85–151). Leiden–Boston: Brill
Petrie, W.M.F. (1921). Corpus of prehistoric pottery and palettes. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt
Petrie, W.M.F. (1953). Corpus of proto-dynastic pottery. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt
Rampersad, S.R. (2015–2016). Tell Gabbara: A late Second Dynasty settlement in the Eastern Delta, Egypt. Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities, 42, 83–99
Sobas, M. (2012). Pottery from the Western Kom. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 181–197). Poznań–Kraków: Poznań Archaeological Museum; Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University
Teitge, W. (1997). Die “Grubenkopfnägel” aus den Schichten des 3. Jahrtausends. In T. von der Way, Tell el-Fara’în—Buto I. Ergebnisse zum frühen Kontext: Kampagnen der Jahre 1983–1989 (=Archäologische Veröffentlichungen 83) (pp. 232–237). Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern
van den Brink, E.C.M. (1992). Preliminary report on the excavations at Tell Ibrahim Awad, seasons 1988–1990. In E.C.M. van den Brink (ed.), The Nile delta in transition, 4th–3rd millennium B.C. Proceedings of the seminar held in Cairo, 21.–24. October 1990, at the Netherlands Institute of Archaeology and Arabic Studies (pp. 43–68). Tel Aviv: E.C.M. van den Brink
van den Brink, E.C.M. (1993). Settlement patterns in the Northeastern Nile Delta during the fourth–second millennia B.C. In L. Krzyżaniak, M. Kobusiewicz, and J. Alexander (eds), Environmental change and human culture in the Nile basin and Northern Africa until the second millennium B.C. (=Studies in African Archaeology 4) (pp. 279–304). Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum
van den Brink, E.C.M., Schmidt, K., Boessneck, J., von den Driesch, A., and de Roller, G.-J. (1989). A transitional Late Predynastic – Early Dynastic settlement site in the northeastern Nile Delta, Egypt. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo, 45, 55–108
Wilde, H. and Behnert, K. (2002). Salzherstellung im vor- und frühdynastischen Ägypten? Überlegungen zur Funktion der sogenannten Grubenkopfnägel in Buto. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo, 58, 447–460
Inne artykuły z tego numeru
- Roman limesauxiliary fortDanubeMoesia SuperiorDacia
Roman auxiliary fort in Pojejena (Caraș-Severin County, Romania). The results of non-invasive and archival research (2017–2019)
- Fethiye MuseumTelmessosEarly Byzantinelighting toolsterracotta lamps
Early Byzantine terracotta lamps in the Fethiye Museum (Kbr-T10, Kbr-T26)
- Agora of Nea PaphosHellenistic periodtableware potteryclosed well depositmacroscopic analysis of fabricpottery functionvessel capacityeating and drinking habits
Hellenistic tableware from Well S.50 in the Agora of Nea Paphos (Cyprus)
Podobne publikacje
- Roman limesauxiliary fortDanubeMoesia SuperiorDacia
Roman auxiliary fort in Pojejena (Caraș-Severin County, Romania). The results of non-invasive and archival research (2017–2019)
- Fethiye MuseumTelmessosEarly Byzantinelighting toolsterracotta lamps
Early Byzantine terracotta lamps in the Fethiye Museum (Kbr-T10, Kbr-T26)
- Agora of Nea PaphosHellenistic periodtableware potteryclosed well depositmacroscopic analysis of fabricpottery functionvessel capacityeating and drinking habits
Hellenistic tableware from Well S.50 in the Agora of Nea Paphos (Cyprus)