Tell el-Farkha: archaeological fieldwork 2018–2019
2020, 29, Numer 2
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The Tell el-Farkha site, which has been excavated since 1998, is formed of three tells. All three were excavated in the course of the two seasons, reopening already established trenches. Breweries discovered earlier on the Western Kom were explored, two completely, two in the early stages of exploration. Thick poorly preserved mud-brick walls were unearthed northeast of one of the breweries. Remains of a multi-roomed structure continued to be cleared in the northern trench on the Central Kom. D-shaped red bricks in this area suggest the presence of a brewery in the vicinity. A Naqada IIB and IIC settlement was recognized in the southern trench: storage pits, postholes, and furrows from a big house built of wood. A part of a settlement dated to the Tell el-Farkha Phases 3 and 4 (Naqada IID2–mid IIIB) was explored on the Eastern Kom. Of greatest interest is a structure composed of rectangular rooms around an open space, probably a courtyard. Three graves were discovered including one dated to the Naqada IIIB with the first pottery coffin discovered at Tell el-Farkha.
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Bibliografia
Bąk-Pryc, G. (2019). Stone vessels from the Eastern Kom. Seasons 2014–2018. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz with contributions by G. Bąk-Pryc, J. Dębowska-Ludwin, U. Doros, M. Kazimierczak, A. Mączyńska, J. Skłucki, M. Sobas, A. Szczepanek, Polish excavations at Tell el-Farkha (Ghazala) in the Nile Delta. Preliminary report 2014–2018. Archeologia, 68, 144–148
Chłodnicki, M. (2010). Excavations at the Central Kom. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz with contributions by R. Abłamowicz, J. Dębowska-Ludwin, M.A. Jucha, A. Mączyńska, G. Pryc, M. Rozwadowski, and M. Sobas, Polish excavations at Tell el-Farkha (Ghazala) in the Nile Delta. Preliminary report 2006–2007. Archaeologia, 59, 105–110
Chłodnicki, M. and Ciałowicz, K.M. (2001). Tell el Farkha (Ghazala): Interim report, 2000. PAM, 12, 85–97
Chłodnicki, M. and Ciałowicz, K.M. (2010). Tell el-Farkha. Preliminary report, 2007. PAM, 19, 161–178
Chłodnicki, M. and Ciałowicz, K.M. (2011). Tell el-Farkha (Ghazala), 2008. PAM, 20, 153–170
Chłodnicki, M. and Ciałowicz, K.M. (2015). Tell el-Farkha. Excavations 2012–2013, PAM, 24/1, 173–197
Chłodnicki, M. and Ciałowicz, K.M. (2016). Tell el-Farkha. Archaeological fieldwork 2014–2015, PAM 25/1, 227–253
Chłodnicki, M. and Ciałowicz, K.M. (2018). Tell el-Farkha: Archaeological fieldwork 2016–2017. PAM, 27/1, 123–148
Chłodnicki, M. and Mączyńska, A. (2018). Central storage devices from the Central Kom at Tell el-Farkha. In K.M. Ciałowicz, M. Czarnowicz, and M. Chłodnicki (eds), Eastern Nile Delta in the 4th millennium BC (pp. 81–90). Kraków–Poznań: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University; Profil-Archeo Publishing House
Ciałowicz, K.M. (2012a). Lower Egyptian settlement on the Western Kom. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 149–162). Poznań–Kraków: Poznań Archaeological Museum; Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University
Ciałowicz, K.M. (2012b). Protodynastic and Early Dynastic settlement on the Western Kom. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 163–180). Poznań–Kraków: Poznań Archaeological Museum; Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University
Ciałowicz, K.M. (2018). Socio-political transformations in the Eastern Delta in the second half of 4th millennium BC. The view from Tell el-Farkha. In K.M. Ciałowicz, M. Czarnowicz, and M. Chłodnicki (eds), Eastern Nile Delta in the 4th millennium BC (pp. 9–20). Kraków–Poznań: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University; Profil-Archeo Publishing House
Ciałowicz, K.M. and Dębowska-Ludwin, J. (2013). Tell el-Farkha and its implications for understanding the earliest architecture of Lower Egypt. Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization, 17, 25–40
Czarnowicz, M. (2012a). Copper tools. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 345–355). Poznań–Kraków: Poznań Archaeological Museum; Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University
Czarnowicz, M. (2012b). Southern Levantine imports and imitations. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 245–265). Poznań–Kraków: Poznań Archaeological Museum; Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University
Dębowska-Ludwin, J. (2018). Socio-economic changes in early Egyptian society as reflected by graves of the Tell el-Farkha cemetery. In K.M. Ciałowicz, M. Czarnowicz, and M. Chłodnicki (eds), Eastern Nile Delta in the 4th millennium BC (pp. 21–29). Kraków–Poznań: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University; Profil-Archeo Publishing House
Dębowska-Ludwin, J. (2018). Socio-economic changes in early Egyptian society as reflected by graves of the Tell el-Farkha cemetery. In K.M. Ciałowicz, M. Czarnowicz, and M. Chłodnicki (eds), Eastern Nile Delta in the 4th millennium BC (pp. 21–29). Kraków–Poznań: Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University; Profil-Archeo Publishing House
Dębowska-Ludwin, J. (2019). The cemetery. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz with contributions by G. Bąk-Pryc, J. Dębowska-Ludwin, U. Doros, M. Kazimierczak, A. Mączyńska, J. Skłucki, M. Sobas, A. Szczepanek, Polish excavations at Tell el-Farkha (Ghazala) in the Nile Delta. Preliminary report 2014–2018. Archeologia, 68, 115–122
Szczepanek, A. (2019). The anthropological analysis. Seasons 2016–2018. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz with contributions by G. Bąk-Pryc, J. Dębowska-Ludwin, U. Doros, M. Kazimierczak, A. Mączyńska, J. Skłucki, M. Sobas, A. Szczepanek, Polish excavations at Tell el-Farkha (Ghazala) in the Nile Delta. Preliminary report 2014–2018. Archeologia, 68, 148–150
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