Tell el-Farkha: archaeological fieldwork 2014–2015
2016, 25, Vol. 25, Regular Issue
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Abstrakt
The archaeological site of Tell el-Farkha is composed of three mounds excavated continuously by the Polish team since 1998. In the 2014 and 2015 seasons, covered in this report, investigations were carried out in already opened trenches in three sectors. On the Western Kom, another brewery was explored to add to the already existing set of investigated installations of this kind. It demonstrated three phases of use, the topmost separated from the middle one by a thick layer of burnt soil and ashes. The deposit attests to a conflagration that consumed the entire settlement. The study of a huge Naqadian building was continued on the Central Kom. Two occupation phases were distinguished: an older one at the beginning of the Naqada IIIA1 period and a younger one attributed to Naqada IIIA1–IIIA2. Remains of Lower Egyptian structures were unearthed below the foundations of this building. A big clay stamp-seal with hieroglyphs from the mid First Dynasty period was found associated with this feature. On the Eastern Kom, a big mud-brick edifice of unknown function was investigated. A further 17 graves, mostly from the second half of the First and the beginning of the Second Dynasty, were discovered as well.
Bibliografia
Chłodnicki, M. (2011). The Central Kom of Tell el-Farkha: 1000 years of history (c. 3600–2600 BC). In R.F. Friedman and P.N. Fiske (eds), Egypt at its origins 3: Proceedings of the third international conference “Origin of the state. Predynastic and early dynastic Egypt”, London, 27th July–1st August 2008 [=OLA 205] (pp. 41–57). Leuven: Peeters
Chłodnicki, M. (2012). Lower Egyptian, Protodynastic and Early Dynastic settlements on the northern part of the Eastern Kom. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 19–34). Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum
Chłodnicki, M. (2014). Tell el-Farkha. The changes in spatial organisation of the settlement – from the Predynastic to the Early Dynastic periods. In A. Mączyńska (ed.), The Nile Delta as a centre of cultural interactions between Upper Egypt and the Southern Levant in the 4th millennium BC [=Studies in African Archaeology 13] (pp. 57–72). Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum
Chłodnicki, M. and Ciałowicz, K.M. (2008). Tell el-Farkha. Preliminary report, 2006. PAM, 18, 127–153
Chłodnicki, M. and Ciałowicz, K.M. (2012). Tell el-Farkha (Ghazala). Season 2009. PAM, 21, 135–156
Chłodnicki, M. and Ciałowicz, K.M. (2014). Tell el-Farkha (Ghazala), 2010–2011. PAM, 23/1, 117–140
Chłodnicki, M. and Ciałowicz, K.M. (2015). Tell el-Farkha. Excavations 2012–2013. PAM, 24/1, 173–198
Chłodnicki, M., Ciałowicz, K.M., with contributions by R. Abłamowicz, J. Dębowska-Ludwin, M. Jucha, A. Mączyńska, G. Pryc, M. Rozwadowski, and M. Sobas (2010). Polish excavations at Tell el-Farkha (Ghazala) in the Nile Delta. Preliminary report 2006–2007. Archaeologia, 59, 81–151
Chłodnicki, M., Ciałowicz, K.M., with contributions by G. Bąk-Pryc, J. Dębowska-Ludwin, M.A. Jucha, K. Rosińska-Balik, and M. Sobas (2014). Polish excavations at Tell el-Farkha (Ghazala) in the Nile Delta. Preliminary report 2011–2013. Archeologia, 64, 99–140
Chłodnicki, M. and Geming, M.M. (2012). Lower Egyptian settlement on the Central Kom. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 89–104). Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum
Ciałowicz, K.M. (2012a). Lower Egyptian settlement on the Western Kom. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 149–162). Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum
Ciałowicz, K.M. (2012b). Protodynastic and Early Dynastic settlement on the Western Kom. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 163–180). Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum
Ciałowicz, K.M. (2016). The Naqadian occupation of the Nile Delta. New facts and possibilities. MDAIK, 70–71, 81–90
Ciałowicz, K.M. and Dębowska-Ludwin, J. (2013). The origin of Egyptian mastabas in the light of research at Tell el-Farkha. EtTrav, 26, 154–162
Dębowska-Ludwin, J. (2012). The cemetery. In M. Chłodnicki, K.M. Ciałowicz, and A. Mączyńska (eds), Tell el-Farkha I. Excavations 1998–2011 (pp. 53–75). Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum
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