Testing the Petra Garden and Pool Complex chronology through the ceramics
2021, 30, No. 2
Independent researcher
Publication date
Publishing model
License type
Field
Discipline
Language of publication
Downloads
PDF 900 KB
Number of views:228
Number of downloads:78
Crossref citations:0
Altmetric score:0
Abstract
The Petra Garden and Pool Complex in the ancient city center has been dated based on stratigraphy and an array of diagnostic finds. The present study of the coarse wares from selected contexts at the site (augmented by amphorae and fine wares) aims to show corroborative evidence from the ceramic assemblage to support the dating of three major phases in the history of the complex: the construction of the monumental Nabataean garden and pool complex in the end of the 1st century BCE, the Roman renovations in the early 2nd century CE and, last but not least, the second destruction that ended the occupation of the complex, most probably at the end of the 6th century CE. The overall purpose of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of Petra coarse-ware pottery from the Nabataean and Roman periods.
Keywords:
Bibliography
Diodorus Siculus, Library of history, vol. II (Loeb Classical Library 303) 1935. Transl. C.H. Oldfather
Euseb. Onom. = Notley, R.S.; Safrai, Z. (eds) (2005). Eusebius, Onomasticon: The Place Names of Divine Scripture. Boston–Leiden: E.J. Brill
Strabo, The Geography. vol. II. H.L. Jones (tr.) 1930. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
К»Amr, K. (1987). The pottery from Petra: A neutron activation analysis study (=BAR IS 324). Oxford: B.A.R.
‘Amr, K. (1991). The Petra National Trust Site projects: Preliminary report on the 1991 season at Zurrabah. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 35, 313–323
Bedal, L.-A. (1998). Neutron activation analysis of pottery. In M.S. Joukowsky (ed.), Petra Great Temple I. Brown University excavations 1993–1997 (pp. 346–367). Providence, RI: M. Joukowsky
Bedal, L.-A. (1999). A paradeisos in Petra: New light on the “Lower Market.” Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 43, 227–239
Bedal, L.-A. (2001). A pool complex in Petra’s city center. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 324, 23–41
Bedal, L.-A. (2002). The Petra Garden feasibility study, 2001. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 46, 381–390
Bedal, L.-A. (2004). The Petra pool-complex: A Hellenistic paradeisos in the Nabataean capital. Results from the Petra “Lower Market” survey and excavation, 1998 (=Gorgias Studies in Classical and Late Antiquity 10). Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press
Bedal, L.-A. (2005). Petra. The Petra Garden and Pool Complex. In S.H. Savage, K.A. Zamora and D.R. Keller, Archaeology in Jordan, 2004 season, American Journal of Archaeology, 109, 552–554
Bedal, L.-A., Gleason, K.L., and Schryver, J.G. (2011). The Petra Garden and Pool Complex, 2007 and 2009. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 55, 313–328
Bedal, L.-A., Gleason, K.L., Schryver, J.G., Ramsay, J., and Bowsher, J. (2007). The Petra Garden and Pool Complex, 2003–2005. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 51, 151–176 (http://publication.doa.gov.jo/Publications/ViewChapterPublic/1664)
Bedal, L.-A., Conyers, L.B., Foss, J.E. and Gleason, K.L. (2013). The Petra Garden and Pool Complex, Ma’an Jordan. In A.-A. Malek (ed.), Sourcebook for garden archaeology: methods, techniques, interpretations and field examples (pp. 625–641). Berne: Peter Lang/Fondations des parcs et jardins de France
Bikai, P.M. (2008). Beidha in Jordan: A Dionysian hall in a Nabataean landscape, American Journal of Archaeology, 112, 465–507
Erickson-Gini, T. (2010). Nabataean settlement and self-organized economy in the Central Negev: Crisis and renewal (=BAR IS 2054). Oxford: Archaeopress
Erickson-Gini, T. (2021). Problems and solutions in dating Nabataean pottery of the post-annexation period. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 30/2, 681–706
Gerber, Y. (2001). Selected ceramic deposits. In Z.T. Fiema, C. Kanellopoulos, T. Waliszewski, and R. Schick, The Petra Church (=American Center of Oriental Research Publications 3) (pp. 359–366). Amman: American Center of Oriental Research
Graf, D.F. (2013). Petra and the Nabataeans in the Early Hellenistic period: the literary and archaeological evidence. In M. Mouton and S.G. Schmid (eds), Men on the rocks: The formation of Nabataean Petra (2–4 December 2011: Berlin) (pp. 35–56). Berlin: Logos Verlag
Grawehr, M. (2006). Die Lampen der Grabungen auf ez-Zantur in Petra. In D. Keller and M. Grawehr, Petra. Ez Zantur III. Ergebnisse der Schweizerisch-Liechtensteinischen Ausgrabungen (= Terra Archeologica V) (pp. 257–398). Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern
Johnson, D. (1990). Nabataean piriform unguentaria. ARAM, 2, 1&2: 235–248
Macaulay-Lewis, E.R. (2006). Planting pots at Petra: A preliminary study of ollae perforatae at the Petra Garden Pool Complex and at the “Great Temple.” Levant, 38(1), 159–170
Meyers, E.M., Kraabel, A.T., and Strange, J.F. (1976). Ancient synagogue excavations at Khirbet Shemaʻ, Upper Galilee, Israel, 1970–1972 (=Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 42). Durham, NC: Duke University Press
Niemi, T. and Rucker, J. (2009). Evidence of Nabataean occupation at Qasr at-Tilah in Northern ‘Arabah valley from exposures in Wad at-Tilah. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 53, 107–114
Parker, S.T. (2009). The Roman port of Aila: Economic connections with the Red Sea littoral. In L. Blue, J. Cooper, R. Thomas, and J. Whitewright (eds), Connected Hinterlands: Proceedings of Red Sea Project IV (BAR International Series 2052) (pp. 79–84). Oxford: Archaeopress
Parker, S.T. (2014). Coarse ware pottery of the first through third centuries at Roman Aila (Aqaba, Jordan). In B. Fischer-Genz, Y. Gerber, and H. Hamel (eds), Roman pottery in the Near East: Local production and regional trade. Proceedings of the round table held in Berlin, 19–20 February 2010 (=Roman and Late Antique Mediterranean Pottery 3) (pp. 205–215). Oxford: Archaeopress
Peacock, D.P.S. and Williams, D.F. (1986). Amphorae and the Roman economy: An introductory guide. London: Longman
Renel, F. (2021). Roman pottery from the Building C4 pantry in the Qasr al-Bint area of Petra, Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 30/2, 629–654
Sauer, J. (1973). Hesbon Pottery, 1971: A preliminary report on the pottery from the 1971 excavations at Tell Hesban. Berrien Springs, MI: Andrews University Press
Schmid, S.G. (2007). Nabataean fine-ware pottery. In K.D. Politis (ed.), The world of the Nabataeans (=Oriens et Occidens 15) (pp. 309–326). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag
Stucky, R.A., Gerber, Y., Kolb, B, and Schmid. S.G. (1994). Swiss–Liechtenstein excavations at ez-Zantur in Petra 1993. The fifth campaign. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 38, 271–292
Wenner, S. and S.T. Parker (2021). Response to Erickson-Gini’s “Problems and solutions in dating Nabataean pottery in the post-annexation period”. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 30/2, 707–736
Other articles from the issue
- GebeleinEarly Dynastic PeriodOld Kingdompotteryflint
Gebelein Archaeological Project in 2019: Northern necropolis and the temple complex
Wojciech Ejsmond, Olivier Pierre Rochecouste, Taichi Kuronuma, Piotr Witkowski
- Nile DeltaEarly DynasticOld Kingdomsettlementssettlement landscape
More remarks on settlement patterns in the Nile Delta in the 3rd millennium BC
Natalia Małecka-Drozd
- dancerplait-and-disk hairstyleKugelzopftrachtwatchpostDakhleh Oasis
From the DOP Petroglyph Unit Archives: an Old Kingdom “dancing girl” image from Site 30/450-E4-6
Paweł L. Polkowski
Similar publications
15.05.2017
NeolithicPersian/Arabian GulfUbaidpotteryBahra 1Local and imported pottery in the Neolithic Gulf: a new perspective from the site of Bahra 1 in Kuwait
Anna Smogorzewska
28.02.2016
Saqqaranecropolispotterychild burial grave goodsOld KingdomMarl C fabricLate PeriodPtolemaic periodGreek amphoraeEB III Combed WareSaqqara 2012: the pottery
Teodozja I. Rzeuska
28.02.2016
Dongola ReachSelib 2MeroiticsettlementhousepotteryExcavations at Selib 2 in 2012
Roksana Hajduga, Katarzyna Solarska