The Phoenician neck-amphora: adaptation and innovation in overseas ceramic production
2025, 34, No. 1
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Abstract
This article examines the dynamics of Phoenician ceramic production across the Mediterranean in the first half of the 1st millennium BC, with a focus on the so-called neck-amphora (Urna Cruz del Negro). This form, well represented in both Phoenician and indigenous contexts of the southern Iberian Peninsula, derives from jars with neck ridges and one or two handles attested in Levantine contexts of the late 2nd and early 1st millennium BC. By the 9th century BC, such jars had become an established, though not widely recognized, component of the Levantine ceramic repertoire. The prototype —probably a one-handled variant— was introduced into overseas workshops, where it was adapted to local demands and underwent morphological innovations, most notably the addition of a second handle. In this process, the neck-amphora emerged as a hallmark of Phoenician pottery in the western Mediterranean. Its trajectory illustrates how Levantine prototypes were transformed through regional workshop practices, and how the adoption of new vessel forms reflected changing social contexts of wine consumption and ritual use.
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