LTD1: Kerma settlement in the Letti Basin (Sudan)

Bobrowski, P., Chłodnicki, M., Kokolus, J., Cendrowska, M., Łopaciuk, R., Osypińska, M., Piotrowska, B., Sobko, J., and Madani, H.K. (2023). Return to Kadakol: New research on Site 1 (LTI019) in the Letti Basin (Sudan). Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 31, 61–79.

Bonnet, C. (1996). Das Königreich von Kerma. In D. Wildung (ed.), Sudan: Antike Königreiche am Nil (pp. 89–116). Tübingen: Wasmuth

Bonnet, C. (2014). Forty years of research on Kerma Cultures. In J.R. Anderson and D.A. Welsby (eds), The Fourth Cataract and beyond: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference for Nubian Studies (=British Museum Publications on Egypt and Sudan 1) (pp. 81–93). Leuven–Paris–Walpole, MA: Peeters

Chaix, L. (2001). Animals as symbols: The bucrania of the grave KN 24 (Kerma, northern Sudan). In H. Buitenhuis and W. Prummel (eds), Animals and man in the past: Essays in honour of Dr. A.T. Clason, emeritus professor of archaeozoology, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, the Netherlands (=ARC Publicaties 41) (pp. 364–370). Groningen: Archeological Research and Consultancy

Chaix, L. (2006). New data about rural economy in the Kerma culture: The site of Gism el-Arba (Sudan). In K. Kroeper, M. Chłodnicki, and M. Kobusiewicz (eds), Archaeology of early Northeastern Africa: In memory of Lech Krzyżaniak (=Studies in African Archaeology 9) (pp. 25–38). Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum

Chaix, L. (2011). A review of the history of cattle in the Sudan throughout the Holocene. In H. Jousse and J. Lesur (eds), People and animals in Holocene Africa: Recent advances in archaeozoology (=Reports in African Archaeology 2) (pp. 13–26). Frankfurt am Main: Africa Magna Verlag

Chaix, L., Dubosson, J., and Honegger, M. (2012). Bucrania from the Eastern Cemetery at Kerma (Sudan) and the practice of cattle horn deformation. In J. Kabaciński, M. Chłodnicki, and M. Kobusiewicz (eds), Prehistory of northeastern Africa: New ideas and discoveries (=Studies in African Archaeology 11) (pp. 189–212). Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum

Chłodnicki, M. and Grzymski, K. (2018). Kerma Culture in Letti Basin (Dongola Reach). In J. Kabaciński, M. Chłodnicki, M. Kobusiewicz, and M. Winiarska-Kabacińska (eds), Desert and the Nile: Prehistory of the Nile Basin and the Sahara. Papers in honour of Fred Wendorf (=Studies in African Archaeology 15) (pp. 437–450). Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum

Emberling, G. and Williams, B. (2010). The Kingdom of Kush in the 4th Cataract: Archaeological salvage of the Oriental Institute Nubian Expedition 2007 season. Part I. Preliminary report on the sites of Hosh el-Guruf and El-Widay. Gdańsk Archaeological Museum African Reports, 7, 17–38

Gratien, B. (1978). Les cultures Kerma: essai de classification. Villeneuve-d’Ascq: Publications de l’Université de Lille III

Grzymski, K.A. (1987). Archaeological reconnaissance in Upper Nubia (=Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities Publication 14). Toronto: Benben Publications

Jakobielski, S. and Krzyżaniak, L. (1967–1968). Polish excavations at Old Dongola. Third season, December 1966 – February 1967. Kush, 15, 143–164

Kobusiewicz, M. and Krzyżaniak, L. (1974). New prehistoric materials from the region of Old Dongola (Sudan). Fontes Archaeologici Posnanienses, 25, 178–186

Nordström, H.-Å. (2004). Pottery production. In D.A. Welsby and J.R. Anderson (eds), Sudan: Ancient treasures. An exhibition of recent discoveries from the Sudan National Museum (pp. 248–252). London: British Museum Press

O’Connor, D.B. (1993). Ancient Nubia: Egypt’s rival in Africa. Philadelphia: University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania

Osypińska, M., Osypiński, P., Bełka, Z., Chłodnicki, M., Wiktorowicz, P., Ryndziewicz, R., and Kubiak, M. (2021). Wild and domestic cattle in the ancient Nile Valley: Marks of ecological change. Journal of Field Archaeology, 46(7), 429–447

Osypińska, M., Żurawski, B., Bełka, Z., Osypiński, P., and Łopaciuk, R. (2023). “Oh, my beloved, great bull!”: An interdisciplinary approach to cattle as a marker of economic and political status in medieval sub-Saharan societies. Journal of African Archaeology, 21(1), 46–62

Osypiński, P. (2010). Excavations on two Kerma horizon cemeteries in El-Gamamiya. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 19, 400–405

Osypiński, P., Osypińska, M., Chłodnicki, M., Kokolus, J., Cendrowska, M., Łopaciuk, R., Piotrowska, B., Sobko, J., and Madani, H.K. (2022). Unearthing a Middle Nile crossroads—exploring the prehistory of the Letti Basin (Sudan). Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 31, 25–60

Osypiński, P., Osypińska, M., Kokolus, J., Wiktorowicz, P., Łopaciuk, R., Amel Hassan Gismallah, and Standzikowski, K. (2023). New advances in research on pre- and proto-historic settlement of Argi and Letti, Upper Nubia. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 32/2, 217–238.

Paner, H. (2014). Kerma Culture in the Fourth Cataract of the Nile. In J.R. Anderson and D.A. Welsby (eds), The Fourth Cataract and beyond: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference for Nubian Studies (=British Museum Publications on Egypt and Sudan 1) (pp. 53–79). Leuven–Paris–Walpole, MA: Peeters

Privati, B. (1999). La céramique de la nécropole orientale de Kerma (Soudan): essai de classification. Cahiers de recherches de l’Institut de Papyrologie et d’Égyptologie de Lille, 20, 41–69

Sip, M. (2007). Preliminary report on the excavation of a Kerma-Horizon cemetery at Hagar el-Beida 11. Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean, 17, 387–390

Welsby, D.A., Bangsgaard, P., Cartwright, C., Ryan, P., Welsby Sjöström, I., and Whiting, R. (2018). A “Kerma Ancien” cemetery in the Northern Dongola Reach: Excavations at site H29 (=Sudan Archaeological Research Society Publications 22). Oxford: Archaeopress

Żurawski, B. (ed.). (2003). Survey and excavations between Old Dongola and Ez-Zuma (=Southern Dongola Reach Survey 1; Nubia 2). Warsaw: Neriton